Research Methods in Management: Advances and Applications

ID: 55424

Autoria: Marlei Pozzebon, Diógenes de Souza Bido.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 366-370, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 5 página(s).

Tipo de documento: Editorial (Inglês)

Flesh-And-Blood Knowing: Interpreting Qualitative Data through Embodied Practice-Based Research

ID: 55425

Autoria: Marcelo de Souza Bispo, Silvia Gherardi.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 371-383, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 13 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Affect , Carnal sociology , Embodied practice-basedresearch , Interpretation , Qualitative research

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' - This paper aims to offer a perspective to interpret qualitative data drawing on the introduction of the notion of “embodied practice-based research”. 'Design/methodology/approach' - Drawing on a comprehensive literature review to support a meta-theoretical approach, we developed a theoretical essay. 'Findings' - The body is not only a field of studies but a mean of study as well. The embodied practice-based research is an inquiry style to access the tacit texture of social action and cognition. 'Practical implications' - Embodied practice-based research may impact qualitative researchers’ education and the way to report methodological proceedings and data report. 'Originality/value' - The core contribution of the paper is the introduction of a new research style able to change how researchers’ bodies may be used in qualitative management research.

Phenomenography’s Contribution to Organizational Studies Based on a Practice Perspective

ID: 55426

Autoria: Sandra Regina da Rocha-Pinto, Leandro Schoemer Jardim, Samantha Luiza de Souza Broman, Maria Isabel Peixoto Guimarães, Carlos Frederico Trevia.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 384-398, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 15 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Organizationa lstudies , Phenomenography , Practice perspective

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' - This paper aims to propose the phenomenography as an approach that may contribute to the organizational studies based on the practice perspective, considering that it analyzes the phenomenon through the practitioner’s view and experience. 'Design/methodology/approach' - It is a theoretical essay about phenomenography as a theoretical-methodological perspective, considering its concept, its relation with practice theories and how its theoretical-methodological approach is capable of bringing a new perspective over the organizations, in the practice perspective. 'Findings' - The phenomenographic method, together with the practice perspective, enables mapping, identifying, describing and relating all the different ways by which an organization, in each one of its structuring dimensions, is effectively experienced. It argues that aspects such as the phenomenographic interview, the second-order perspective, the collective conceptions stated in the outcome space and their relations, the complexity of hierarchy and the abductive theorization about the emerging concepts of collective perceptions form, all together, an alternative and promising theoretical approach to analyze the entanglement between action and the material dimension that constitutes the organizational practices. 'Practical implications' - The phenomenographic outcome space may become a catalyst of a theorization about practices, which is capable to modify them or modify the way they are understood. 'Originality/value' - It discusses the possibility of phenomenography to theorize from the agents’ collective consciousness.

Qualitative Comparative Analysis: Justifying a Neo-Configurational Approach in Management Research

ID: 55427

Autoria: Tobias Coutinho Parente, Ryan Federo.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 399-412, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 14 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Case knowledge , Causal complexity , Configurational theory , QCA

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' - The purpose of this paper is to critically reflect and offer insights on how to justify the use of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) as a research method for understanding the complexity of organizational phenomena, by applying the principles of the neo-configurational approach. 'Design/methodology/approach' - We present and critically examine three arguments regarding the use of QCA for management research. First, they discuss the need to assume configurational theories to build and empirically test a causal model of interest. Second, we explain how the three principles of causal complexity are assumed during the process of conducting QCA-based studies. Third, we elaborate on the importance of case knowledge when selecting the data for the analysis and when interpreting the results. 'Findings' - We argue that it is important to reflect on these arguments to have an appropriate research design. In the true spirit of the configurational approach, we contend that the three arguments presented are necessary; however, each argument is insufficient to warrant a QCA research design. 'Originality/value' - This paper contributes to management research by offering key arguments on how to justify the use of QCA-based studies in future research endeavors.

The interviews were transcribed, but how? Reflections on management research

ID: 55428

Autoria: Leandro da Silva Nascimento, Fernanda Kalil Steinbruch.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 413-429, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 17 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Denaturalized transcription , Management , Methodology , Naturalized transcription , Qualitative research , Transcription

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' – In qualitative research, it is recurrent to conduct data collection through interviews, which must be first transcribed for the data to be analyzed. Although there is a relationship between the stages of the interview and the data analysis, the link between them (i.e. the transcription) seems to be a neglected methodological procedure. This occurs because, in papers, it is generally reported that “the interviews were transcribed”, without any details about the transcriptions conduction. From this methodological gap, this paper aims to discuss the relevance of detailing the methodological procedures adopted in the transcription in research reports in the management field. 'Design/methodology/approach' – This paper takes the form of a methodological essay. 'Findings' – The discussion focuses on the concepts of naturalized and denaturalized transcription, the relevance of adopting transcription norms and the need for reflexivity in conducting transcriptions – elements that must be explained in research reports to improve the methodological quality. 'Practical implications' – This paper explores methodological details that management students and researchers can adopt when performing transcriptions. Consequently, journal editors and reviewers will have more subsidies on the methodological quality employed in researches, which contributes to a better evaluation process. 'Originality/value' – This study demonstrates the relevance of a neglected methodological technique – transcription, which needs to be detailed in research reports, to contribute to the increase of methodological accuracy and to provide essential information to readers, allowing them to evaluate the rigor of the research. Thus, it is proposed that transcription should be considered a quality criterion in qualitative research.

Bayesian Factor Analysis for Mixed Data on Management Studies

ID: 55429

Autoria: Pedro Albuquerque, Gisela Demo, Solange Alfinito.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 430-445, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 16 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Bayesian paradigm , Factor analysis , Quali-Quant design , Scale validations

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' - Factor analysis is the most used tool in organizational research and its widespread use in scale validations contribute to decision-making in management. However, standard factor analysis is not always applied correctly mainly due to the misuse of ordinal data as interval data and the inadequacy of the former for classical factor analysis. The purpose of this paper is to present and apply the Bayesian factor analysis for mixed data (BFAMD) in the context of empirical using the Bayesian paradigm for the construction of scales. 'Design/methodology/approach' - Ignoring the categorical nature of some variables often used in management studies, as the popular Likert scale, may result in a model with false accuracy and possibly biased estimates. To address this issue, Quinn (2004) proposed a Bayesian factor analysis model for mixed data, which is capable of modeling ordinal (qualitative measure) and continuous data (quantitative measure) jointly and allows the inclusion of qualitative information through prior distributions for the parameters’ model. This model, adopted here, presents considering advantages and allows the estimation of the posterior distribution for the latent variables estimated, making the process of inference easier. 'Findings' - The results show that BFAMD is an effective approach for scale validation in management studies making both exploratory and confirmatory analyses possible for the estimated factors and also allowing the analysts to inserta prioriinformation regardless of the sample size, either by using the credible intervals for Factor Loadings or by conducting specific hypotheses tests. Theflexibility of the Bayesian approach presented is counterbalanced by the fact that the main estimates used in factor analysis as uniqueness and communalities commonly lose their usual interpretation due to the choice of using prior distributions. 'Originality/value' - Considering that the development of scales through factor analysis aims to contribute to appropriate decision-making in management and the increasing misuse of ordinal scales as interval in organizational studies, this proposal seems to be effective for mixed data analyses. Thefindings found here are not intended to be conclusive or limiting but offer a useful starting point from which further theoretical and empirical research of Bayesian factor analysis can be built.

Insider Econometrics: A Guide to Management Scholars

ID: 55430

Autoria: Thomaz Teodorovicz, Sandro Cabral, Sergio Lazzarini.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 446-458, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 13 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Insider econometrics , Research methods in management , Strategic management

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' – This paper aims to present a new trend in management research: the Insider Econometrics approach. 'Design/methodology/approach' – The authors argue that the use of internal organizational data not available in public sources can benefit both researchers interested in advancing theories and practitioners interested to improve the decision-making toward more solid and evidence-based grounds. 'Findings' – The authors demonstrate the subjects involved in Insider Econometrics realm and provide a framework to guide management scholars to successfully engage in research involving strong partnerships between academia and real world organizations. 'Originality/value' – This paper introduces a guide to Insider Econometric research to management scholars.

Multilevel Modeling for Longitudinal Data: Concepts and Applications

ID: 55431

Autoria: Joseph F. Hair, Jr., Luiz Paulo Fávero.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 459-489, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 31 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Fixed effects , Longitudinal data , Multilevel modeling , Random effects , Stata

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' – This paper aims to discuss multilevel modeling for longitudinal data, clarifying the circumstances in which they can be used. 'Design/methodology/approach' – The authors estimate three-level models with repeated measures, offering conditions for their correct interpretation. 'Findings' – From the concepts and techniques presented, the authors can propose models, in which it is possible to identify the fixed and random effects on the dependent variable, understand the variance decomposition of multilevel random effects, test alternative covariance structures to account for heteroskedasticity and calculate and interpret the intraclass correlations of each analysis level. 'Originality/value' – Understanding how nested data structures and data with repeated measures work enables researchers and managers to define several types of constructs from which multilevel models can be used.

Development and Validation of Attitudes Measurement Scales: Fundamental and Practical Aspects

ID: 55432

Autoria: Joseph F. Hair, Jr., Marcelo L.D.S. Gabriel, Dirceu da Silva, Sérgio Braga Junior.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 490-507, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 18 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Attitude measurement , Attitudes scale , Business research , Quantitative methods , Scale development , Scale validation

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' –This paper aims to present the fundamental aspects for the development and validation (D&V) of attitudes’ measurement scale, as well as its practical aspects that are not deeply explored in books and manuals. These aspects are the results of a long experience of the authors and arduous learning with errors and mistakes. 'Design/methodology/approach' – The nature of this paper is methodological and can be very useful for an initial reading on the theme that it rests. This paper presents four D&V stages: literature review or interviews with experts; theoretical or face validation; semantic validation or validation with possible respondents; and statistical validation. 'Finding's – This is a methodological paper, and its mainfinding is the usefulness for researchers. Research limitations/implications–The main implication of this paper is to support researchers on the process of D&V of measurement scales. 'Practical implications' – Became a step-by-step guide to researchers on the D&V of measurement scales. 'Social implications' – Support researchers on their data collection and analysis. 'Originality/value' – This is a practical guide, with tips from seasoned scholars to help researchers on the D&V of measurement scales.

Estimating Poisson Pseudo-Maximum-Likelihood Rather than log-Linear Model of a Log-Transformed Dependent Variable

ID: 55433

Autoria: Victor Motta.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 508-518, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 11 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Applied microeconometrics , Health economics , Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimator

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' - The purpose of this study is to account for a recent non-mainstream econometric approach using microdata and how it can inform research in business administration. More specifically, the paper draws from the applied micro econometric literature stances in favour of fitting Poisson regression with robust standard errors rather than the OLS linear regression of a log-transformed dependent variable. In addition, the authors point to the appropriate Stata coding and take into account the possibility of failing to check for the existence of the estimates - convergency issues - as well as being sensitive to numerical problems. 'Design/methodology/approach' - The author details the main issues with the log-linear model, drawing from the applied econometric literature in favor of estimating multiplicative models for non-count data. Then, he provides the Stata commands and illustrates the differences in the coefficient and standard errors between both OLS and Poisson models using the health expenditure dataset from the RAND Health Insurance Experiment (RHIE). 'Findings' - The results indicate that the use of Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimators yield better results that the log-linear model, as well as other alternative models, such as Tobit and two-part models. 'Originality/value' - The originality of this study lies in demonstrating an alternative microeconometric technique to deal with positive skewness of dependent variables

Impact Evaluation Using Difference-in-Differences

ID: 55434

Autoria: Anders Fredriksson, Gustavo Magalhães de Oliveira.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 519-532, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 14 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Causal effects , Difference-in-Differences , Impact evaluation , Management , Parallel trends assumption , Policy evaluation

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' – This paper aims to present the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) method in an accessible language to a broad research audience from a variety of management-related fields. 'Design/methodology/approach' – The paper describes the DiD method, starting with an intuitive explanation, goes through the main assumptions and the regression specification and covers the use of several robustness methods. Recurrent examples from the literature are used to illustrate the different concepts. 'Findings' – By providing an overview of the method, the authors cover the main issues involved when conducting DiD studies, including the fundamentals as well as some recent developments. 'Originality/value' – The paper can hopefully be of value to a broad range of management scholars interested in applying impact evaluation methods.

Network Analysis: Emergence, Criticism and Recent Trends

ID: 55435

Autoria: Charles Kirschbaum.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 533-547, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 15 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Economic sociology , Network analysis , Relational sociolog , Social capital

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' – Network analysis is a well consolidated research area in several disciplines. Within management and organizational studies, network scholars consolidated a set of research practices that allowed ease of data collection, high inter case comparability, establishment of nomological laws and commitment to social capital motivation. This paper aims to elicit the criticism it has received and highlight the unsettled lacunae. 'Design/methodology/approach' – This paper sheds light on Network Analysis’s breakthroughs, while showing how its scholars innovated by responding to critics, and identifying outstanding debates. 'Findings' – The paper identifies and discusses three streams of criticism that are still outstanding: the role of human agency, the meaning of social ties and the treatment of temporality. 'Originality/value' – This paper brings to fore current debates within the Network Analysis community, highlighting areas where future studies might contribute.

Reflections about Garfield’s Algorithm

ID: 55436

Autoria: Laura Sinay, Maria Cristina Fogliatti de Sinay, Rodney William (Bill) Carter, Aurea Martins.

Fonte: RAUSP Management Journal, v. 54, n. 4, p. 548-558, Outubro-Dezembro, 2019. 11 página(s).

Palavras-chave: Garfield’s algorithm , Logic behind the algorithm of science , Reflection and critical study , Science

Tipo de documento: Artigo (Inglês) Ver Resumo

'Purpose' – The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the influence of the algorithm used on scholarly search engines (Garfield’s algorithm) and propose metrics to improve it so that science could be based on a more democratic way. 'Design/methodology/approach' – This paper used a snow-ball approach to collect data that allowed identifying the history and the logic behind the Garfield’s algorithm. It follows on excerpting the foundation of existing algorithm and databases of major scholarly search engine. It concluded proposing new metrics so as to surpass restraints and to democratize the scientific discourse. 'Findings' – This paper finds that the studied algorithm currently biases the scientific discourse toward a narrow perspective, while it should take into consideration several researchers’ characteristics. It proposes the substitution of the h-index by the number of times the scholar’s most cited work has been cited. Finally, it proposes that works in languages different than English should be included. 'Research limitations/implications' – The broad comprehension of any phenomena should be based on multiple perspectives; therefore, the inclusion of diverse metrics will extend the scientific discourse. 'Practical implications' – The improvement of the existing algorithm will increase the chances of contact among different cultures, which stimulate rapid progress on the development of knowledge. 'Originality/value' – The value of this paper residesin demonstrating that the algorithm usedin scholarly search engines biases the development of science. If updated as proposed here, science will be unbiased and bias aware.