ID: 15549
Autoria:
Eduardo White.
Fonte:
Revista de Administração Pública, v. 11, n. 1, p. 5-64, Janeiro-Março, 1977. 60 página(s).
Tipo de documento: Artigo (Português)
Ver Resumo
In order to analyze the public enterprises international performance in Latin America the author exams first the industrial, financial and commercial relations and the technological progress, specially in the transportation and communication field, which produced the forthcoming of the multinational and slate enterprise. The multinational vies with the State in arder to undertake its role of exclusive agent of the international relalions and the state enterprises are the result of the obligation of the slate to add to its former role the responsibility for direct planning and investment of the nation's productive resoueces. The State is now tte conductor af new development strategies, in which the principle of nationality is established as an assertion of its self determination capacity and sovereignity against foreign influences and the necessity of obtaining more efticiency in the productive apparatus in order to overcome tbe vulnerability of the dependent exporting economies abroad and increase their influence in the international system. The increasing State control of subjects which affect national interest has originated organizational structures for the international economic activities that do not correspond to traditional models. The public enterprise appears then as a new actor in the international economic scenery, different from the State and from the private multinational enterprises yet with some of their characteristics, technical cooperation, and the association with big transnational enterprises for the co-production constitute the usual scenery of intemational affairs. This prooves that, in a certain way, State enterprises are already contributing for the retormulation of the rules of the game and for the economic equilibrium among the nations. In this article the author also analyzes the main patterns of Latin American public enterprises international performance in imports and exports of goods, speciaily through the trading companies; in the streaming of foreign financing and in the accomplishment of investments abroad, stressing their integration rule when performing "in cooperatian" in the field of petroleum production, refinery and commercialization; in the production and distribution of electrical energy; in the exploitation of natural resources etc. Another aspect analyzed by the author refers to agreements for technical assistance and cooperation for the performance of activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sector. After discussing the performance of about 100 Latin American state enterprises, the author concludes that: 1. One should give priority lo the search of the real meaning of Latin American public enterprises performance in order to establish the necessary bases for the formulation of coherent policies, at national and continental level. 2. The precarious information available allows only a partial evaluation of the repercussion of the Latin American state enterprise performance. 3. Although a significant part of the Latin American public enterprise international performance is oriented towards cooperative action with other private and state enterprises of the region, their international technological, financial and commercial relations are still primarily oriented outwards. 4. The legal norms of the Latin American public enterprises, established to solve national problems are often inadequate to solve problems concerning their extra¬-territorial action. 5. There is a general need of orientation rules and coordination and control mechanisms for the stale importation of goods in d technology, as well as foreign financing. 6. The lack of rules to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the co-production activities established among enterprise; from two or more countries, prevents the establishment of an harmonicaI system of the different methods and rules adopted by the countries concerning the association, with foreign capital and technology. 7. It is possible to use public enterprises as efficient instrument; to promote equitable distribution of the advantages of the integral .On of the Latin American countries, transferring productive resources and opening to the less developed countries the markers of the better developed ones. 8. There is a great variety of formulas for the establishment of international cooperation in Latin America. 9. It seems convenient to adopt a common orientation for the organization of multinational public enterprises in order to facilitate their cooperation activities, integrating, thus, the Latin American efforts.
