Resumo:
O artigo tem por objetivos (1) oferecer aos definidores de política pública, aos governantes e aos mais diversos interessados conhecimentos comparativos úteis para que opinem, decidam e ajam a respeito de mega e pequenos eventos, (2) facilitando ainda a pesquisa bibliográfica de estudantes e pesquisadores. A literatura mostra que os impactos de um megaevento são um tema controverso. No Brasil, sede da Copa das Confederações em 2013, da Copa do Mundo em 2014 e dos Jogos Olímpicos em 2016, ainda há um importante questionamento sobre se o país, tão carente de melhorias em áreas prioritárias como saúde e educação, deveria sediar megaeventos como esses. Soma-se a isso o questionamento se não seria melhor priorizar pequenos (e não mega) eventos nos países em geral. Os governantes e empresas interessadas na realização de megaeventos frequentemente superestimam seus impactos positivos para a sociedade anfitriã, enquanto a literatura especializada considera que o saldo de seus impactos reais não é necessariamente positivo e, mais, tende a ser negativo. Com base nisso, emergiu e tornou-se forte a linha de entendimento de que os pequenos eventos são mais benéficos, têm maiores possibilidades de sucesso e maior potencial de impacto socioeconômico positivo – sendo assim recomendáveis no lugar de megaeventos para os países em geral. Temas para novas pesquisas são sugeridos no fim do artigo.
Resumo Inglês:
The objectives of this article are (1) providing public policymakers, politicians, and others with useful comparative knowledge so they can better support their opinions, decisions, and actions concerning mega- and small events, besides (2) facilitating bibliographical research for students and researchers. The literature shows that the impacts of mega-events are a controversial topic. In Brazil, host of the 2013 Confederations Cup, 2014 FIFA World Cup, and 2016 Olympic Games, there is still some relevant discussion as to whether the country, already in need for improvements in priority areas such as health and education, should host mega-events of that sort. Another discussion concerns whether it would not be better to prioritize small (and not mega-) events in different countries as a whole. Politicians and companies that are interested in mega-events frequently overestimate their positive impacts on the hosting society, whereas the specialized literature considers that the balance of the real impacts is not necessarily positive, and even tends to be negative. Based on that, a understanding emerged and became strong in the literature in the sense that small events are more beneficial, have more chance to succeed, and have greater positive social-economic impact – being, thus, recommended in the place of megaevents for countries in general. Research topics are suggested in the end of the article.
Resumo Espanhol:
Este artículo tiene como objetivos (1) ofrecer a los responsables de las políticas públicas, a los gobernantes y a los diferentes agentes interesados, conocimiento comparativo para que estén en condiciones de opinar, decidir y actuar en relación a mega y a pequeños eventos, a la vez que (2) facilitar literatura para estudiantes e investigadores. La literatura muestra que los impactos de un mega evento constituyen un tema controvertido. En Brasil, sede de la Copa Confederaciones en 2013, de la Copa del Mundo en 2014 y de los Juegos Olímpicos de 2016, existe todavía una discusión importante acerca de si el país, tan carente de mejoras en áreas prioritarias como la salud y la educación, debe albergar grandes eventos como estos. Se agrega a esto la pregunta acerca de si no sería mejor priorizar pequeños (no mega) eventos en los países en general. Los gobiernos y las empresas interesadas en la realización de mega eventos suelen sobreestimar su impacto positivo en la sociedad anfitriona, mientras que la literatura considera que el balance de su impacto real no es necesariamente positivo, sino más bien que existen más probabilidades de que sea negativo. Con base en esto surgió una línea de investigación que sostiene que pequeños eventos son más beneficiosos, tienen una mayor probabilidad de éxito y mayor potencial de impacto social y económico positivo que los mega eventos y, por lo tanto, se recomienda, en lugar de mega eventos, centrarse en los pequeños, para los países en general. El fin del artículo propone temas para nuevas investigaciones.
Citação ABNT:
LIMA, E.; MAIA, T. S. T.; LOBOSCO, A.; MORAES, M. B. Megaeventos Esportivos Frente a Pequenos Eventos: Reflexões Considerando-se a Realidade Brasileira Recente. PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review, v. 5, n. 3, p. 89-110, 2016.
Citação APA:
Lima, E., Maia, T. S. T., Lobosco, A., & Moraes, M. B. (2016). Megaeventos Esportivos Frente a Pequenos Eventos: Reflexões Considerando-se a Realidade Brasileira Recente. PODIUM Sport, Leisure and Tourism Review, 5(3), 89-110.
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