This study aimed to verify the mediating effect of innovation performance on the relationship between organizational learning capability, organizational innovation capability and organizational performance in the textile industry of Santa Catarina State. To this end, exploratory quantitative research was developed, with primary data from survey applied to 322 managers of the same number of companies. The multivariate treatment of the data was performed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling based on partial least squares (PLS). To test mediation, we used Baron and Kenny’s path analysis (1986). The results confirmed the mediating effect of innovation performance on the relationship between organizational learning, organizational innovation capability, and organizational performance. Among the theoretical contributions of this paper are the proposition and validation of a model developing arguments in favor of learning and innovation capability to leverage innovative and organizational performance in emerging markets such as Brazil. Also, the focus on the textile sector, neglected by the innovation literature, because of its maturity and low technological intensity, when, in fact, this industry is highly innovative. The practical contribution aims to assist managers and professionals in the analysis of vectors linked to the generation of superior innovative and organizational performance, providing competitive advantage over competitors. Social contribution is related to the benefit that the study of innovation brings to society, contributing to the evolution of products, organizations and economic growth and providing the basis for new enterprises, employability, and quality of life.