Editorial

ID: 9889

Authors: Poueri do Carmo Mário.

Source: Contabilidade Vista & Revista, v. 23, n. 4, p. 1-2, October-December, 2012. 2 page(s).

Document type: Editorial (Portuguese)

Earnings management in the public sector: analysis through the budget accounts, other income and current expenses in the municipalities of Santa Catarina

ID: 9890

Authors: Paulo Sérgio Almeida dos Santos, Débora Gomes Machado, Jorge Eduardo Scarpin.

Source: Contabilidade Vista & Revista, v. 23, n. 4, p. 15-43, October-December, 2012. 29 page(s).

Keyword: Earnings management , Municipal Governments , Public Sector

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

The factors that promote this research are linked to the object of earnings management, the conditions that give rise to the model and empirical test for determination under the municipal public sector. Thus the main objective of this paper is to identify the municipalities of Santa Catarina manage your results by using other revenues and expenditures to obtain a balanced budget. The research was developed by deductive reasoning, characterized as descriptive, document and quantitative research and used the application of two multiple regression models adapted from Rodrigues (2007). Thestudy period corresponds to the years 2005 to 2008 and the study population is represented by the Brazilian public entities established in the State of Santa Catarina, and the sample covered 277 municipalities. The research findings show that the municipalities of Santa Catarina is using the account of other revenue streams and other running costs to manage their accounting results with the aim of obtaining a balanced budget.

Economic value generated by public institutions: evaluation of the IFPA Campus Abaetetuba

ID: 9891

Authors: Danielle Cristina Gonzaga Corrêa, Alessandro de Castro Corrêa, Alegria dos Santos Leite, Yeda Raquel da Silva Monteiro.

Source: Contabilidade Vista & Revista, v. 23, n. 4, p. 45-71, October-December, 2012. 27 page(s).

Keyword: Economic Revenue , PublicEducation , Public Sector

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic performance of Abaetetuba campus of Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará (IFPA) in 2010. The economic result was employed for being considered the best mechanism for demonstrating organization economic efficiency. The performance evaluation in public sector based on economic gain as management tool can contribute to increase the costbenefit of public services provided, meeting the current social, management and legal requirements. The economic performance model for public institutions proposed by Slomski (1996). The results suggests the campus had an economic profit of R$ 707,766.95 in the period, equivalent to R$ 704.25 per student on average, revealing it carries out its public education activities efficiently, returning benefits to society for his performance at lower cost than the market price.

The debt/equity hypothesis and the public sector: an analysis of the debt of subnational governments

ID: 9892

Authors: Janilson Antonio da Silva.

Source: Contabilidade Vista & Revista, v. 23, n. 4, p. 73-101, October-December, 2012. 29 page(s).

Keyword: Brazil , Debt , LRF , Public Fnance , Subnational Governments

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

Before the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility Law, the situation of the state governments’ debt in Brazil was critical. The economic and political scenarios, during the decades from 1960 to 1990, associated with bad management were responsible for this situation. After enactment of the law, this situation has been reversed and the state governments’ debt, one of the sources of state funding, has been reduced. The covenants imposed by law can influence the choices of public officials, similar to that described by Watts and Zimmerman (1986) in the debt/equity hypothesis. Considering this scenario, this research aimed to identify the restrictive clauses of the law, based on accounting numbers, which could be associated with the state governments’ debt. Data from 27 states were analyzed for the period from 2000 to 2009 through four regressive models: (i) linear probability, using the least squares (LPM), (ii) logistic grouped (pooled), (iii) logistical fixed effects (FE), and (iv) logistic random effects (RE). Pooled model was the most adjusted and reached the following indicators: (i) overall percentage of correct answers: 93.7% (ii) adjustment indicator (Hosmer-Lemeshow): 86.0%, and (iii) discriminating power (ROC curve area): 97.1%. According to the results, the most indebted states shown to possess lower levels of personnel expenses and higher level of investments spending, which would indicate that these choices were related to the level of indebtedness of such entities and the restrictive clauses of the Law of Responsibility, since none of the analyzed governments exceeded the legal limits.

A comparative analysis of corporate social responsibility between the banking sector and others in Brazil

ID: 9893

Authors: Vicente Lima Crisóstomo, Fátima de Souza Freire, Patrícia Matias Soares.

Source: Contabilidade Vista & Revista, v. 23, n. 4, p. 103-128, October-December, 2012. 26 page(s).

Keyword: Banks , Brazil , Corporate Social Responsibility

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

This article presents a study on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Brazilian banks compared to companies in other industries, using data from the Brazilian company’s social actions for the period 1996-2008, based on uni and multivariate analysis. The results on mean comparison showed higher levels of CSR in companies in the banking sector in relation to other segments. Estimating linear regression models the results indicate that the fact that the company is a bank (dummy variable) positively affects the intensity of RSC, controlling for other explanatory variables presented in literature with possible influence over CSR (ROA, growth opportunities, size). Analyzing separately the different strands of social action, one can observe that the internal CSR, the strongest in the Brazilian company, is quite prominent in the banking sector compared to other companies which leads to the superior CSR indicator in the banking segment. However, the situation is reversed when analyzing environmental action that is superior to firms from other sectors.

Reconciliating tariff modicity and economic equilibrium in roadway concession: floating IRR a proposal for regulation

ID: 9894

Authors: Luiz Henrique Müller, Ricardo Lopes Cardoso, Rodrigo José Guerra Leone, Enrique Jeronimo Saravia.

Source: Contabilidade Vista & Revista, v. 23, n. 4, p. 129-155, October-December, 2012. 27 page(s).

Keyword: Concession , IRR , Regulation , Roadway , Tariffs

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

This paper suggests an alternative regulatory model to determine roadways’ toll rates operated under concession agreements. The basis of this proposal is the cohesiveness between the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and concessionaires’ investment opportunity costs. We analyzed the financial statements of five concessionaires from Rio Grande do Sul and seven bidding concession arrangements issued by the Brazilian federal government to compare effective rate of return with the agreed IRR, results show that the model in place propitiates abnormal gains to concessionaires. The main contribution of this paper to literature is the consideration of the cost of capital in tariff composition; that would mitigate failures identified in the majority of the concession arrangements in effective in Brazil.

The determinants of public budget disclosure: an empirical analysis using secondary data on a sample of countries

ID: 9895

Authors: Frederico A. de Carvalho, Marcelino José Jorge, José Alexandre Magrini Pigatto, Francisco José dos Santos Alves.

Source: Contabilidade Vista & Revista, v. 23, n. 4, p. 157-183, October-December, 2012. 27 page(s).

Keyword: Accountability , Budget disclosure , Multipleregression , Publicbudget

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

The degree of disclosure in national public budgets may be influenced by a number of institutional, geographic, economic, cultural and social factors.The paper intends to propose an empirical model that characterizes how those variables impact upon the Open Budget Index (OBI) asdefined and computed by the International Budget Partnership. With empirical evidence provided by secondary data from a convenience sample of 59 countries and relating to 17 variables, the behavior of the OBI is examined via multiple regression analysis. Findings show that Foreign Ouverture, Market Forces and Regulatory Environment have a significant effect upon the OBI. It is also worth mentioning the positive effect of Regulatory Quality, a variable that is often absent from comparative analysis of budget disclosure among countries.Even though they have been measured in very simple way, Cultural variables significantly mediate the influence of Regulatory Quality.