Editorial

ID: 24010

Authors: Wilson Suzigan, João Furtado.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 3, n. 1, p. 7-7, January-June, 2004. 1 page(s).

Document type: Editorial (Portuguese)

Ideias Fundadoras - apresentação: The 'National System of Innovation' in Historical Perspective - Christopher Freeman

ID: 24011

Authors: Eduardo da Motta e Albuquerque.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 3, n. 1, p. 9-34, January-June, 2004. 26 page(s).

Document type: Article (Portuguese)

Innovation and the cevelopment convention in Brazil

ID: 24012

Authors: Fábio Stefano Erber.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 3, n. 1, p. 35-54, January-June, 2004. 20 page(s).

Keyword: Convention , Development Strategy , Economic Development , Innovation

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

From the beginning of the nineties the Brazilian economy was ruled by a specific view of the process of economic development, which emphasized the role of technical progress as a means to achieving fast and stable economic growth. Nonetheless, the degree of endogenous technical innovation in Brazil remains very low. This paper explores the conjecture that the latter result is a consequence of the hegemonic view of development. The first section presents some quantitative and qualitative data to support our assertion about the innovativeness of the Brazilian economy. The second section argues that the “view of development” may be profitably treated as a “convention”, a set of beliefs shared by decision-makers and used to identify the main issues which a development strategy has to tackle and the appropriate means to address such issues. A development convention contains also a “negative” agenda — issues and solutions which should be avoided. The same section then analyses the development convention which was hegemonic from the nineties to the date of the paper (2002) and the implications of its positive and negative agendas for technological development, assuming such convention had worked as its supporters supposed it would. It argues that the theoretical results are consistent with the facts described in the first section. The last section comments the actual working of the development convention, arguing that it stressed the main technological features present in the “pure form” of the convention and concludes with a brief discussion of the role of innovation in a new development convention which seemed to be arising at that time.

Nacionalismo e aprendizagem no programa de águas profundas da Petrobras

ID: 24013

Authors: André Tosi Furtado, Adriana Gomes Freitas.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 3, n. 1, p. 55-86, January-June, 2004. 32 page(s).

Keyword: Absorptive Capacity , Innovation , Petrobras , R&D Economic Impacts

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

This paper presents an evaluation of the economic impacts of a set of nationalistic technological projects. These projects were focused on the local technological development and mastery. The paper uses the example of Technological Capabilities in Production Systems for Deep Waters Program (Procap 1000), which was conducted by Petrobras between 1986 and 1992. Based upon a previous study of direct and indirect economic impacts of the program, a sample of seven nationalist project of the program could be chosen (Furtado et al., 1998). All the projects of this sample were characterized by an ill commercial success. The central argument of this paper is that in spite of their commercial setbacks, these projects underlie relevant learning process, which generated significant indirect economic impacts. The case studies show how learning resulting from the program was converted onto economic impacts. The figures from the study of the Procap sample indicate that economic impacts were seven times higher than the projects costs. This paper points the role of absorptive capacity to the learning process. Based on the case studies, this paper proposes a typology of six different kinds of absorptive capacities.

Inovação na indústria brasileira: uma análise exploratória a partir da Pintec

ID: 24014

Authors: Sérgio Kannebley Júnior, Geciane Silveira Porto, Elaine Toldo Pazello.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 3, n. 1, p. 87-128, January-June, 2004. 42 page(s).

Keyword: Neural Networks , Related Topics , Technological Innovation

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

This article reports an effort to characterize Brazilian innovative firms. This characterization was done based on data from PINTEC-2000 (Industrial Research of Technological Innovation-2000) information. To do it, a statistical non-parametrical procedure was employed, which informed, in a decreasing order, that the four main factors that distinguish innovative and non-innovative firms were the export orientation, the size of the firm, the foreign capital origin, and the industrial sector effect. An econometric analysis of sectorial data was carried out which made possible to complement and endorse the results obtained earlier for the whole industry.

The knowledge-base of the firm in biotechnology based sectors: properties and performance

ID: 24015

Authors: Pier Paolo Saviotti.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 3, n. 1, p. 129-166, January-June, 2004. 38 page(s).

Keyword: Biotechnology , Dynamics , Knowledge-based Sectors

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

Knowledge is becoming an increasingly important determinant of the performance of firms. This is particularly true in the biotechnology based sectors. In spite of this increased importance of knowledge we know very little about the nature and properties of the knowledge-base of firms. In this paper the problem of the dynamics of the creation and utilization of knowledge is discussed first at a general level and then by means of some techniques that can be used to map and measure the knowledge-base of firms. The knowledge-base (KB) of a firm can be defined as the collective knowledge that the firm uses to achieve its productive purposes. The collective character derives from the fact that the KB results from the knowledge of individual members of the firm and by their interactions, as determined by the firm’s organizational structure. Thus the KB includes all the types of knowledge that are required to obtain the firm’s final products. The methods described in this paper are based on the study of the patents obtained by firms. Thus they are approximate methods in that they only represent the scientific and technological components of the KB. This is a good approximation in the case of highly knowledge dependent sectors such as the biotechnology based ones. The methods used fall essentially into two groups: on the one hand it is possible to obtain a graphic representation of the knowledge-base of a firm by means of lexicographic analysis, a scientometric technique, and, on the other hand some properties of the KB can be defined and measured based on patent statistics. For example, we can measure the degree of specialization, the scope and the coherence of the KB and study the influence of these properties on the firm performance. The two sets of methods and some results obtained by means of them will be described in the paper. The techniques described here allow to analyse the impact of the KB on a number of aspects of the behavior of the firm. For example, we expect that the KB has to change in order to enable the firm to change strategy. Likewise, other aspects of firm behavior such as mergers and acquisitions, divestitures and the formation of innovation networks are likely to be affected by the KB of the participating firms.

Strategic complementarities between innovation and human capital. The neglected role of human capital demand

ID: 24016

Authors: Aurora Amélia Castro Teixeira.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 3, n. 1, p. 169-200, January-June, 2004. 32 page(s).

Keyword: Human Capital , Inertia , Innovation

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

This study examines the conditions under which the demand for human capital is as (or more) important than the simple availability of educated or skilled human resources. The perspective taken is that it is the conscious and intentional attitude of firms, dependent, to a large extent, on respective strategies, that determines the demand for human capital, thereby conditioning the role of the latter in their performance. The automatic and linear character that many studies within the mainstream human capital theory assume is rejected here. Results, based on an in-depth study of fourteen Portuguese textile firms, reveal the "congruence" between firms behaviour towards human capital accumulation, characteristics of productive process and markets, and the omnipresent "fission" risk. New hirings of top skilled and educated individuals are seen as small contributors to firms (current) innovation capabilities. In contrast, existing top skilled and educated individuals are regarded as critical in this context.

Ações Programadas do CNPq - III PBDCT (Plano Básico de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - 1980/85)

ID: 24017

Authors: Lynaldo Cavalcanti de Albuquerque.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 3, n. 1, p. 201-211, January-June, 2004. 11 page(s).

Document type: Article (Portuguese)

Resenha: - Indicadores de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação no Brasil - (Eduardo Baumgratz Viotti, Mariano de Matos Macedo (orgs.) - 2003)

ID: 24018

Authors: Sandra de Negraes Brisolla.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 3, n. 1, p. 213-225, January-June, 2004. 13 page(s).

Document type: Book Review (Portuguese)