On the Coevolution of Commercial and Technological Structures: Theory and Empirical Evidence

ID: 50306

Authors: Cecilia Menezes Barbosa de Carvalho, Ana Urraca Ruiz.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 17, n. 2, p. 229-258, July-December, 2018. 30 page(s).

Keyword: Commercial Liberalization , Structural Change , Technological and Commercial Structures

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

This paper aims to analyze how technological specialization patterns coevolve with the commercial specialization patterns. Given the interdependence between productive, technological and commercial structures, it is expected that demand shocks implicit to liberalization processes will generate impacts on the technological structure. The coevolution hypothesis will be tested by means of a panel data formed for 35 countries and 38 sectors from 1996 to 2013. The results confirm that commercial and technological patterns of specialization coevolved in all models and, mostly, in dynamic sectors. The demand-pull effect was also confirmed for the most internationalized and dynamic sectors. Multinational corporations emerged as a minor determinant of the technological specialization patterns in host countries. In relation to the autonomous determinants of technological specialization, cumulativeness seems to play a central role, while technological opportunity was relevant only in industries intensive in natural resources.

Applying an IPC Network to Identify the Bioenergy Technological Frontier

ID: 50307

Authors: Carolina da Silveira Bueno, José Maria Ferreira Jardim da Silveira, Antônio Márcio Buainain, Maria Ester Soares Dal Poz.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 17, n. 2, p. 259-286, July-December, 2018. 28 page(s).

Keyword: Bioeconomy , Bioenergy , IPC , Networks , Technological Frontier

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

This paper proposes to identify the formation of technological frontier clusters. In the present study, we applied the method for bioenergy technologies. The first methodological step uses patents extracted from the Derwent Innovation Index, in which a data mining treatment is done. The second step is the construction of the IPC (International Patents Classification) network of patents from a co-occurrence matrix. Three clusters of technological knowledge are identified. The first and main cluster is the ethanol technologies, and two clusters in the training phase, one of which uses by-products and the other of technologies based on cellulosic material. The work shows how a general knowledge base is appropriate and favors the configuration of new frontier technologies that amplify the knowledge base of the bioenergy paradigm.

Determinants of Inventive Collaborations in Brazilian Interregional and International Networks

ID: 50309

Authors: Raquel Coelho Reis, Eduardo Gonçalves, Juliana Gonçalves Taveira.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 17, n. 2, p. 287-316, July-December, 2018. 30 page(s).

Keyword: Centrality , Co-patenting Activity , Innovation Networks , REGIC , ZINB

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

The paper investigates the regional and structural determinants of the links in social networks of inventive collaboration among regions in Brazil. In order to do this, we make use of a patent applications database that registers collaborations among Brazilian inventors and Brazilian and foreign inventors. As possible determinants of the links in Brazilian co-patenting networks, we take into account variables that capture economic, technological, and demographic density aspects of Brazilian regions, as well as the topology structures of the nodes in the networks. The approach considers the Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model, which considers the absolute number of interregional links among inventors from different regions. The formation of interregional patenting links was found to have been positively affected by the number of internal links to the region, by the number of inventors, by university and business R&D capacity, and mainly by the degree of centrality of the region. In the case of international networks formed between Brazilian and foreign inventors, the links are positively affected only by R&D capacity, especially industrial, and by the degree of centrality. In addition, the degree of internationalization of a network seems to positively affect the establishment of interregional networks.

Macro-Comparative Analysis of Environmental Innovation (1990, 2000 and 2010)

ID: 50310

Authors: Rosa Livia Gonçalves Montenegro, Gustavo Britto, Leonardo Costa Ribeiro.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 17, n. 2, p. 317-344, July-December, 2018. 28 page(s).

Keyword: Environmental and Technological Indicators , Environmental Capacity of Countries , Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

The aim of the present work is to assess and capture the specific interactions related to the environment and technology of developed and developing countries, in 1990, 2000 and 2010. The database used factors related to environmental innovation activity, degree of economic development, conditions of infrastructure, alternative energy production capacity, gas emission level and scientific ability of the economies. The methodology covers a method unexplored in literature about innovation, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Applying the technique for each year, the results provide a static analysis of possible changes in specific configurations of each country in this time frame. The results indicate that the configurations that lead to environmental innovation activity are represented by good conditions for scientific, technological and economic capacity.

Brazil’s International Competitiveness in the Face of the Fragmentation of Production and Global Value Chains

ID: 50885

Authors: Camila do Carmo Hermida, Clésio Lourenço Xavier.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 17, n. 2, p. 345-376, July-December, 2018. 32 page(s).

Keyword: Brazil , Fragmentation , Global Value Chains , Revealed Comparative Advantage , Value Added

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

This article develops a pioneering analysis of the competitiveness of Brazilian exports in 19952011 by taking into account the phenomenon of global value chains (GVC). We calculated the competitiveness indexes market share and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCV) both by the traditional way and by the new measures of value added, as well as the indexes of participation and position in the GVC. To do that, a new methodology of mathematical decomposition of exports was used (KOOPMAN et al., 2014) and indicators were estimated by means of the WIOT global input-output matrix. The analyses show that the traditional indexes tend to underestimate the performance of countries located upstream in the GVC, such as Brazil, but in the categories “primary products” and “low-technology manufactures” there is an overestimation of the indexes and a decrease of the country’s RCV.

Impacts of the Brazilian Innovation Tax Policy on the Composition of Private Investments and on the Type of Innovation

ID: 51278

Authors: Daniel Gama e Colombo, Hélio Nogueira da Cruz.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 17, n. 2, p. 377-414, July-December, 2018. 38 page(s).

Keyword: Behavioral Additionality , Investment Composition , Private Innovation , Tax incentives

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

The objective of this paper is to investigate whether the tax incentives for innovation in Brazil established by Law 11,196/05 (BRASIL, 2005) have altered the composition of firms’ innovation investments and their results. Based on the concept of behavioral additionality and on the design of the policy, we derive three propositions on how these incentives affect the bundle of innovation expenditures, the educational level of researchers and the type of innovation pursued by firms. Using disaggregate data at firm level from the Brazilian Industrial Innovation Survey (PINTEC) of 2008 and 2011 and other sources, the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) is estimated through propensity score matching with differencein-differences. The main findings of the study are: (a) incentives had a positive impact on the research and development (R&D) intensity of innovation investments, increasing R&D spending by around 1,1 million Brazilian reais on average, while decreasing mean spending on acquisition of external knowledge and introduction of innovations in the market; (b) although the policy fostered additional hiring of researchers with undergraduate degree, no significant impact on personnel with master’s or Ph.D. degrees was found; and (c) there is no evidence of impact on the balance between product and process innovation.

The Impacts of Innovations in the Diversification of the Brazilian Industry: An Analysis Based on Pintec and Cempre

ID: 51279

Authors: Jucélio Kretzer.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 17, n. 2, p. 415-444, July-December, 2018. 30 page(s).

Keyword: Brazil , diversification , Pintec , Technological innovations

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

The article aims to associate the differences in the pattern of diversification with the differences in the pattern of innovation of the Brazilian industrial sectors. The neo-Schumpeterian literature advocates that the establishment of sectoral patterns of innovation influences the rates and directions of technological change in a distinctive way among sectors. This is an empirical study, based on the statistical information of the Innovation Survey (Pintec 2011) and the Central Register of Companies (Cempre 2010), to investigate the relationship between innovation and diversification, in order to contribute to the understanding of the sectoral patterns of diversification of the Brazilian industry. The statistical results suggest that the introduction of innovations to a large extent has led industries to concentrate their business lines on activities that have some ‘proximity’ in their production functions, independent of innovative activities. Notably, certain sectors, such as ‘science-based’ ones, assume typical behaviour of ‘diversification based on technological activities’.

Resenha: O Modelo das Duas Rodas: Uma Referência para o Sistema de Gestão da Inovação em Pequenas e Médias Empresas - (Raoni Barros Bagno e Adriana Ferreira de Faria - 2017)

ID: 52132

Authors: Iara Sibele Silva, Matheus Pereira Libório, Patrícia Bernardes, Felipe Ramalho.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 17, n. 2, p. 445-452, July-December, 2018. 8 page(s).

Keyword: Gestão , Inovação , Projetos

Document type: Book Review (Portuguese)