Brazilian industry productivity: growth decomposition and concentration patterns in a disaggregated approach, 1996-2016

ID: 61033

Authors: Tomás Amaral Torezani.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-37, January-December, 2020. 37 page(s).

Keyword: Brazil , Growth accounting , Industry , Labour productivity , Structural change

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

The present study aims to decompose the labor productivity growth of the Brazilian industry in the period 1996-2016 in order to identify the contributions of structural change and intrasectoral productivity to the referred aggregate growth, as well as to evaluate its sectorial concentration pattern growth. Based on a disaggregated approach, with annual information on 95 economic activities of PIA-Enterprise, this article contributes to the literature on several fronts. By using four different methods of decomposition and three data aggregations, it was possible to properly assess the real contribution of the determinants of growth in Brazilian industrial productivity in the period. The results indicate, in general, positive contributions from the intrasectoral component and negative contributions from the structural change component. Regarding the pattern of sectorial concentration of growth in aggregate industrial productivity, a very uneven and localized concentration was observed.

Digital Technology System: Artificial Intelligence, Cloud Computing and Big Data

ID: 61032

Authors: Victo José da Silva Neto, Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli, Carlos Américo Pacheco.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-31, January-December, 2020. 31 page(s).

Keyword: Algorithms , Digital economy , Digital innovation , Digital platforms , Economics of data

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

The advancement of digital technologies in the last decade has motivated analysis regarding a new era in capitalism. Most of these analyzes, however, are narrow in scope, as they only address isolated technologies. In addition, they are short-lived, as they do not recognize the links between these digital technologies and the preceding block of information and communication technologies. We propose a broader scope and longer timeframe to fill these gaps. We conceptualized the Digital Technological System (2010-2020) as the cluster of artificial intelligence, cloud computing and Big Data. This cluster generates three innovation streams: digitization, algorithmization and platformization. The autocatalytic relationships between the technologies of this cluster and between previous ICT systems indicate historical continuity. However, the phenomenon of data commoditization that unfolds from this system is configured as a major historical discontinuity.

Industry 4.0 Concepts and Technologies: A Bibliometric Analysis

ID: 61031

Authors: Faíque Ribeiro Lima, Rogério Gomes.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-30, January-December, 2020. 30 page(s).

Keyword: 0; Innovation; Technology , Advanced manufacturing; Bibliometric analysis; Industry 4

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

The general objective of this work is to evaluate characteristics of international scientific production in technologies associated with Industry 4.0. The methodology employed consists of two stages: (i) selection of technologies (terms) pointed out in the specific literature; (ii) the bibliometric analysis of scientific publications that contain the characteristic terms of Industry 4.0 existing in the Scopus database. The hypothesis adopted was that, as it is still an ongoing process, Industry 4.0 and its concepts are still under construction. Some of the conclusions of the work are: the countries that stand out the most are those that implemented national strategies related to the technologies of Industry 4.0, obtained, in the subsequent years, a wide growth in the number of publications; and, among the financing institutions, the governmental ones stand out in the sponsorship of scientific publications, especially the Chinese ones, proving the public effort.

The Resurgence of Industrial Policies in the Age of Advanced Manufacturing: An International Comparison of Industrial Policy Documents

ID: 61030

Authors: Mateus L. Labrunie, Caetano C. R. Penna, David Kupfer.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-39, January-December, 2020. 39 page(s).

Keyword: Advanced manufacturing , Fourth Industrial Revolution , Industrial policy , Innovation strategies , Policy framework

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

This paper analyses recent industrial policy plans made by five leading countries: China, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom and United States. This is done through the analysis of policy documents, using an original framework. Our analysis reveals that these policies have two main motivations. First, the acknowledgement of new technological opportunities and challenges, that allow not only for higher growth rates and competitiveness, but also for addressing ‘societal challenges’ (persistent socio-environmental problems). Second, the growing understanding that, because of the increasing complexity of innovation, private sector efforts alone are not enough, and a higher level of convergence between actors and institutions is needed. We also identify that the policy structures and proposed instruments of these strategies are quite conventional, which contrasts with the rhetoric of these policies. This reveals that the ‘resurgence’ of industrial policies is yet not a return to the ‘old’ policies of the twentieth century, but a new breed, which is much more cautious of interfering with market mechanisms.

An assessment of the impacts of Industry 4.0 on aeronautical industry

ID: 61029

Authors: Marcos José Barbieri Ferreira, Celso Pereira Neris Jr.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-31, January-December, 2020. 31 page(s).

Keyword: Aeronautical industry; Technological change; Industry 4

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

This paper seeks to discuss and evaluate the impacts of the group of innovations brought by industry 4.0 in the aeronautical sector. Were selected and conceptualized the main technologies with high possibility of transforming the aeronautical industry, indicating the transforming capacity of each one. As a result, it was defined a typology of impacts of these technologies in the various segments of the aviation industry looking qualify the changes in market structure: (i) negligible; (ii) small when there are new entrants; (iii) intermediate, when establishing a new business model and; (iv) large, when there is the creation of new product categories. In addition, we try to show the possibility of creating a new segment that will focus on providing urban air transport services for shared use, with the use of landing vehicles and vertical takeoff, electrical propulsion and autonomous driving, shaping the disruptive role of analyzed technologies.

Política Industrial e Indústria 4.0: A Retomada do Debate em um Cenário de Transformações no Paradigma Tecnoprodutivo

ID: 61028

Authors: Antonio Carlos Diegues, José Eduardo Roselino.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-18, January-December, 2020. 18 page(s).

Document type: Editorial (Portuguese)

The Formation of Celso Furtado's Thought, the Technological Imperative and Metamorphoses of Capitalism

ID: 60294

Authors: João Antônio de Paula, Eduardo da Motta e Albuquerque.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-29, January-December, 2020. 29 page(s).

Keyword: Celso Furtado , Center-periphery dynamics , Technological progress

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

This article reviews Celso Furtado's work and tracks the most important stages and influences in his formation. Celso Furtado attributes a central role to technological progress in his interpretation of the dynamics of the capitalist system, especially in shaping the centerperiphery divide. Technological progress, a key component of the first industrial nucleus and its expansionist forces, structures the initial steps of a global system. This global system, derived from the industrial revolution, will be subsequently transformed, hence Celso Furtado's elaboration on metamorphoses of capitalism. Furtado's approach has the advantage point of a view from the periphery of the dynamics of technological progress.

Editorial V. 19, N. 1, 2020

ID: 60293

Authors: Wilson Suzigan, Renato Garcia.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-4, January-December, 2020. 4 page(s).

Document type: Editorial (Portuguese)

Resenha: - Massa Crítica: Unicamp e a Origem do Polo de Tecnologia de Campinas - (Guilherme Gorgulho - 2019)

ID: 60031

Authors: Guilherme Gorgulho.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-4, January-December, 2020. 4 page(s).

Document type: Book Review (Portuguese)

Rio de Janeiro's Insertion in the Offshore oil Knowledge Network

ID: 60030

Authors: Mariane Santos Françoso, Célio Hiratuka.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-21, January-December, 2020. 21 page(s).

Keyword: Knowledge network , Offshore oil , Patents

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

In a context of global production networks, cities are the loci of the knowledge generation process. They bring together various actors and assets necessary for this sophisticated activity. The generation of knowledge involves the interaction between actors within the same city, such as companies, universities, and research centers, and also between actors from different cities, forming a network. However, not all cities can participate in this network, and the literature has mostly focused on networks formed by cities in the Global North and in high-tech industries. This article aims to map and investigate the knowledge network in the offshore oil industry, showing whether cities in oil-rich countries in the Global South are part of this network. The analysis is carried out at the city level, highlighting the cities that appear as important places for generation of knowledge. To meet our goal, we created a patent database using patents granted by the USPTO (United States Patent and Trademark Office) between 2007 and 2017, designed a network based on the inventors’ location, and performed the k-core analysis. We found that Rio de Janeiro is the only city in a Global South, resource-rich country that appears in the most central layers of the network. Rio de Janeiro’s insertion is based on two groups of actors that play different roles and are highly influenced by the local National Oil Company, Petrobras.

Universidades e Desenvolvimento Regional – as bases para a inovação competitiva - (Maurício Serra; Cássio Rolim; Ana Paula Bastos - 2018)

ID: 59381

Authors: Conceição Rego.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-4, January-December, 2020. 4 page(s).

Document type: Book Review (Portuguese)

Uma Abordagem da Dinâmica do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico das Baterias Lítio-Íon para Veículos Elétricos

ID: 59379

Authors: Tatiana Bermúdez-Rodríguez, Flávia Luciane Consoni.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-33, January-December, 2020. 33 page(s).

Keyword: Análise bibliométrica , Análise de patentes , Baterias de lítio-íon , Veículos elétricos

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

The main component of Electric Vehicles (VE) is the battery. Lithium-ion batteries have offered the best performance to different technological problems, such as recharge time, autonomy, weight, and energy density. Then, the raised question is what has been their scientific and technological development over time. This paper aims to understand this issue from a bibliometric study and patent analysis of lithium-ion batteries for VE. The results indicate that the dynamics of publication of papers and patent families have been increasing, especially since 2009, motivated by environmental concerns and the interest of companies in the growth of this market. It highlights the leadership of Asian countries such as Japan, China, South Korea, and Taiwan, as well as the United States and some European countries, in the publication of both papers and patents. Finally, we highlight the collaborative networks between universities for the publication of papers and between incumbent car companies and electric-electronic companies for patenting. These networks demonstrate the need for articulation between different areas of knowledge to advance the technological development of lithium-ion batteries.

Incorporation of Knowledge through Acquisition in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Analysis Focused on Patente Inventors

ID: 59378

Authors: Murilo Montanari de Matos.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-31, January-December, 2020. 31 page(s).

Keyword: Acquisitions , Patents , Pharmaceutical industry , Small enterprises

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

This article focuses on the incorporation of knowledge conducted by large pharmaceutical corporations through the acquisition of small enterprises. The objective was t o e vidence to which degree the incorporation of knowledge is performed by a sample of 8 large pharmaceutical companies. In order to do this, we rely on qualitative methods, based on a sample of eight companies and 54 small enterprises they acquired in the period from 2005 to 2012. From the sample we compiled the patents granted to the small firms within the USPTO. The analysis conducted develops two central actions. The first is the inventor’s usage, defined as the small enterprises inventors, which when incorporated by large pharmaceutical corporations started to develop patents through the acquiring larger company. The second is the incorporation of research trajectories, which means how inventors cite their past work as they are incorporated into the larger companies. This article concludes that the incorporation of inventors is a relevant strategy among the large companies studied so that these companies can incorporate external knowledge bases from the acquired smaller enterprises; however, just a few inventors are incorporated, which shows that just a small group of people conducts innovative research for large companies. This article contribution was to categorically evidence the incorporation of knowledge through new metrics, being them: inventor’s usage and research trajectory incorporation.

Os Esforços Inovativos das Grandes Empresas Farmacêuticas no Brasil: O que Mudou nas Duas Últimas Décadas?

ID: 58919

Authors: Julia Paranhos, Eduardo Mercadante, Lia Hasenclever.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-28, January-December, 2020. 28 page(s).

Keyword: Brazil , Innovation , Large companies , Pharmaceutical industry , Technological capacity

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

This article compares the innovative efforts of large national (GEFNs) and transnational (GEFTs) pharmaceutical companies operating in Brazil. The descriptive methodology uses unpublished data from the last three editions of the Innovation Survey (Pintec) – 2008, 2011 and 2014 – and a literature review of the pharmaceutical industry and its innovation strategies to explain the innovative efforts described by the data. The results show the positive evolution of GEFNs in terms of the effort to build innovative capacity, and of GEFTs to maintain the standards of low innovative efforts in Brazil. It is concluded that GEFNs are changing their pattern of investments in innovative activities. Such results corroborate empirical studies, which showed the advance in the complexity of innovative capabilities of these companies, and pointed out other strategies used, such as partnership with knowledge centers and internationalization of R&D.

Potencial Criativo e Padrões de Migração: Uma Abordagem Computacional Baseada em Agentes

ID: 58918

Authors: Leonardo Francisco Favaretto, Eva Yamila da Silva Catela.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-31, January-December, 2020. 31 page(s).

Keyword: Agent-based model , Creative cluster , Creativity , Networks

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

The present work displays a computational agent-based model that aims to comprehend the migratory behaviors of the creative class and its relationship with the urban agglomeration patterns and the creative potential. In the model formulation, we used concepts from evolutionary economic geography, network theory and creative economy literature. The model simulates the learning, interaction and migration of the agents, taking ethnic, political and sexual diversity into consideration, as well as urban amenities and job opportunities as attractive factors to the creative class. As a result, we observe an exponential relationship between the creative potential and a locations’ population, suggesting that big urban centers do have a relative and absolute edge in terms of potential to innovate. Among the variables that interfere in the growth speed of the creative potential, the amount of exchanged knowledge between agents seems to have a bigger effect than the number of interactions between agents.

Aggregate Growth Models from a Schumpeterian Perspective: A Review

ID: 58917

Authors: João P. Romero.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-30, January-December, 2020. 30 page(s).

Keyword: Economic growth , International trade , Technical progress , Technological competitiveness , Technological transfer

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

The paper presents a critical assessment of the Schumpeterian macroeconomic approach to economic growth. Taking as reference a representative sample of important works within this tradition, the paper identifies the main contributions and limitations of the macroeconomic Schumpeterian literature to understanding economic growth. More specifically, the literature review carried out in this paper focuses on three of Schumpeter’s ideas that have become particularly influential in macroeconomic growth theory: (i) the role of technological transfer in productivity growth in follower countries; (ii) the importance of research intensity for technical progress; and (iii) the prominence of technological competitiveness for trade performance. The contribution of the paper is twofold: (i) it provides an organized review of the macroeconomic literature until its present state; and (ii) it indicates important gaps in this literature that should be the focus of further research.

Niche Evolution, External Circumstances, and Network Transformation: From Butiá Technical Niche to Butiá Socio-Technical Niche

ID: 58916

Authors: Marcelo Fernandes Pacheco Dias, Matias Ramirez.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-26, January-December, 2020. 26 page(s).

Keyword: External circumstances , Financial sponsors’ expectations , Niche evolution , Niche network transformation

Document type: Article (English) Show Abstract

This article analyses the impact of external factors on niche evolution and, in particular, the change from a technical niche into a socio-technical niche. When we review the literature on niche evolution, we find that discussions on the impact of external factors on niche evolution are not clear, particularly, on new financial sponsors’ expectations. Therefore, this paper attempts to answer the following research question: Do changes in public financial resources contribute to transforming a technical niche into a socio-technical niche? We analysed an agricultural innovation niche case based on Butiá Native Fruits (e.g. Butiá odorata and others species), developed mainly by Temperate Climate Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) to understand whether and how external factors might contribute to an evolution of a niche. We found that new financial sponsors’ expectations can cause an important change in the evolution of a niche. Before the existence of a new external finance sponsor, the technical network niche was composed of research organisations and researchers working on isolated projects. However, after a new external finance sponsor was found, the network or organisations moved into experimental activities, upscaling, and outscaling, and began to incorporate multilevel organisations and people. Consequently, a more complex, coordinated organisation was created that incorporated social co-production, democracy, and participation, and the niche progressed towards a socio-technical niche.

Inova Petro: Explicações para o Desempenho do Programa a partir de Uma Análise 'Ex Ante'

ID: 58915

Authors: Ricardo Jose dos Santos.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-27, January-December, 2020. 27 page(s).

Keyword: BNDES , Finep , Inova Petro Program , Oil and Natural Gas Industry

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

The goal of this work is to make an ex-ante analysis of the Inova Petro Program for the period 2012-2017, and answer the following question: Why the most important policy of inovation for the national chain of oil and natural gas industry supplier shows difficulties on hiring the approved business plans? By performing the study of the program starting with the elements O-M-P (Organization-Methods-Purposes), it is conclused that the fragilities of the Inova Petro Program are related with the low level or coordenation between the organizations that plan and execute the policy and the selection of apropriate methods for the achieve of the planned purposes.

Modern Evolutionary Economics - (Nelson, R. R.; Dosi, G.; Helfat, C.; Pyka, A.; Saviotti, P. P.; Lee, K.; Dopfer, K.; Malerba, F.; Winter, S. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press - 2018)

ID: 57861

Authors: Rodrigo Volmir Anderle.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-3, January-December, 2020. 3 page(s).

Document type: Book Review (English)

Imitación Creativa Frente a las Oportunidades de la Farmabiotecnología: Enseñanza de Experiencias Nacionales de Industrialización (Muy) Tardía

ID: 57860

Authors: Pablo Lavarello, Sebastián Sztulwark, Matias Mancini, Santiago Juncal.

Source: Revista Brasileira de Inovação, v. 19, n. 1, p. 1-29, January-December, 2020. 29 page(s).

Keyword: Biotechnology , Pharmaceutical industry , Upgrading

Document type: Article (Spanish) Show Abstract

This article analyzes the experience of industrial upgrading in South Korea and India in the global biopharmaceutical industry. From a comparative historical approach, it is analyzed how during the last years and before a scenario of expiration of the patents of the pharmaceutical products of greater complexity, these two countries managed to advance in “very late” industrialization processes based on a creative imitation strategy. It is inquired, in particular, how these countries followed different paths of entry: on the one hand, that of “stage skipping”, which demanded a set of deliberate actions aimed at favoring certain activities or sectors in a focused way; on the other, the sequential type, in which the institutional and policy changes were more gradual, ensuring a set of general conditions of technological infrastructure and intellectual property.