Editorial

ID: 15545

Authors: Ana Maria Bernardes Goffi Marquesini.

Source: Revista de Administração Pública, v. 11, n. 1, p. 3-4, January-March, 1977. 2 page(s).

Document type: Editorial (Portuguese)

A ação internacional das empresas públicas na América Latina

ID: 15549

Authors: Eduardo White.

Source: Revista de Administração Pública, v. 11, n. 1, p. 5-64, January-March, 1977. 60 page(s).

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

In order to analyze the public enterprises international performance in Latin America the author exams first the industrial, financial and commercial relations and the technological progress, specially in the transportation and communication field, which produced the forthcoming of the multinational and slate enterprise. The multinational vies with the State in arder to undertake its role of exclusive agent of the international relalions and the state enterprises are the result of the obligation of the slate to add to its former role the responsibility for direct planning and investment of the nation's productive resoueces. The State is now tte conductor af new development strategies, in which the principle of nationality is established as an assertion of its self determination capacity and sovereignity against foreign influences and the necessity of obtaining more efticiency in the productive apparatus in order to overcome tbe vulnerability of the dependent exporting economies abroad and increase their influence in the international system. The increasing State control of subjects which affect national interest has originated organizational structures for the international economic activities that do not correspond to traditional models. The public enterprise appears then as a new actor in the international economic scenery, different from the State and from the private multinational enterprises yet with some  of their  characteristics, technical cooperation, and the association with big transnational enterprises for the co-production constitute the usual scenery of intemational affairs. This prooves that, in a certain way, State enterprises are already contributing for the retormulation of the rules of the game and for the economic equilibrium among the nations. In this article the author also analyzes the main patterns of Latin American public enterprises international performance in imports and exports of goods, speciaily through the trading companies; in the streaming of foreign financing and in the accomplishment of investments abroad, stressing their integration rule when performing "in cooperatian" in the field of petroleum production, refinery and commercialization; in the production and distribution of electrical energy; in the exploitation of natural resources etc. Another aspect analyzed by the author refers to agreements for technical assistance and cooperation for the performance of activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sector. After discussing the performance of about 100 Latin American state enterprises, the author concludes that: 1. One should give priority lo the search of the real meaning of Latin American public enterprises performance in order to establish the necessary bases for the formulation of coherent policies, at national and continental level. 2. The precarious information available allows only a partial evaluation of the repercussion of the Latin American state enterprise performance. 3. Although a significant part of the Latin American public enterprise international performance is oriented towards cooperative action with other private and state enterprises of the region, their international technological, financial and commercial relations are still primarily oriented outwards. 4. The legal norms of the Latin American public enterprises, established to solve national problems are often inadequate to solve problems concerning their extra¬-territorial action. 5. There is a general need of orientation rules and coordination and control mechanisms for the stale importation of goods in d technology, as well as foreign financing. 6. The lack of rules to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the co-production activities established among enterprise; from two or more countries, prevents the establishment of an harmonicaI system of the different methods and rules adopted by the countries concerning the association, with foreign capital and technology. 7. It is possible to use public enterprises as efficient instrument; to promote equitable distribution of the advantages of the integral .On of the Latin American countries, transferring productive resources and opening to the less developed countries the markers of the better developed ones. 8. There is a great variety of formulas for the establishment of international cooperation in Latin America. 9. It seems convenient to adopt a common orientation for the organization of multinational public enterprises in order to facilitate their cooperation activities, integrating, thus, the Latin American efforts.

Aspectos gerais do comportamento das empresas públicas brasileiras e sua ação internacional

ID: 15555

Authors: Enrique J. Saravia.

Source: Revista de Administração Pública, v. 11, n. 1, p. 65-143, January-March, 1977. 79 page(s).

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

With the purpose of studying the behavior of the Brazilian public enterprises at federal level, the author tries first to characterize in a descriptive and systematic way the general aspects of the sector, analyzing afterward the factors which would historicaly explain the forthcoming of such enterprises, and their international actian patterns. At descriptive level the general aspects of the system of the public enterprises are presented in conformity to certain characteristics juridical aspects, dimension of the system, criteria for the establishment of public enterprises, rational patterns of their behavior, labor relations, external contrat instruments, taxatian, independent action and dividends application) complemented by a list of several public enterprises existing in May 1976. This list is organized according to different productive sectors. Analyzing the historical factors which would explain the development of public enterprises, the author verifies that, while the State incursions in the area of the enterprises before 1930 were basicaly due to the necessity of maintaning services which had become less profitable, after 1930 such undertakings became more interventionistics. Therefore, the enlargement of such enterprises, from 1930 on, follows the intention of the Government to suppart and accelerate the process of industrialization, first as a result of the necessity of protecting the economy from the worldcrisis impact and later for reasons of internal security due to the world warlike situation. Such tendency would gather new strength during the decade of the 50's, on the one hand by the increasing utilization of the slate planning to accelerate industrialization, and on the other hand by the withdrawal of the private initiative at the public services area, due to the rates and prices control policy as a consequence of the acceleratian af the inflationary process. The same reasons would lead to the maintenance of the public sector development during the decade  of the 60's, which, however, would have as its main characteristic the consolidation of the sector through the establishment of holding enterprises. From 1973 on, however, the author verifies a reorientation of the policy of the sector when it is introduced, a jointventure policy which uses foreign and national private capital in order to rationalize the State investment. At the same time Banco Nacional do Desenvolvimento Econômico begins to participate in national enterprises with two objectives: support and orient the production of different sectors and avoid the denationalization of the Brazilian industry. Finally the article analyzes the international action of the Brazilian public enterprises in terms of import policy, export policy and investment policy abroad, characterizing the main points, still under discussion, of the definition of the respective policy, and the different aspects of the international action of the major public enterprises.

Relações entre governo e empresa através de instituições especializadas

ID: 15556

Authors: Ramón Martin Mateo.

Source: Revista de Administração Pública, v. 11, n. 1, p. 145-160, January-March, 1977. 16 page(s).

Document type: Article (Portuguese)