Multiple Facets Of Tax Burden Among Brazilian Banks Based On Effective Tax Rate Variations

ID: 76098

Authors: Lorena Almeida Campos, José Alves Dantas.

Source: Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade, v. 18, n. 2, p. 0-0, April-June, 2024. 1 page(s).

Keyword: Effective Tax Rate; Banks; Tax Burden; Tax aggressiveness

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

Objective: The objective of this research was to examine the behavior of the effective tax agressiveness on the profit of Brazilian banks, comparing Effective Tax Rate [ETR] proxies in the short and long term. Method: Four variations of the ETR were considered – Gaap, adjusted Gaap, Cash and adjusted Cash – in periods of one, five and ten years. The analysis was performed using an illustrative example and descriptive statistics. Results: Using data from 2000 to 2022, the tests show that the ETR varies between 26% and 48%, in average terms, according to the proxy and measurement period used. More than that, the results suggest that banks generally use efficient tax planning strategies and manage to defer the payment of taxes on income in the long term. Contributions: The study contributes to the literature on tax aggressiveness, especially in the banking sector, suggesting proxies adapted to the Brazilian context that aim to capture the sensitivity of measures on the ability of banks to avoid taxes on income. It also provides subsidies for recurrent discussions, including in political terms, on the effective level of tax burden on Brazilian banks.

Relationship Between Earnings Response Coefficient And Free Cash Flow And State Ownership: Evidence In Brazil

ID: 76097

Authors: Lauren Venturini, Suliani Rover, José Alonso Borba, Leonardo Flach.

Source: Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade, v. 18, n. 2, p. 0-0, April-June, 2024. 1 page(s).

Keyword: Free cash flow; Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC); State ownership; Stock price informativeness

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

Objective: This study analyzes the impact of free cash flow and state ownership on the Earnings Response Coefficient (ERC) in the Brazilian capital market. Method: A sample of 210 companies from 2011 to 2019 was obtained from the Economatica database, with the Earnings Response Coefficient being the dependent variable, free cash flow and state control being the main independent variables, in addition to control variables, which were analyzed using panel data regression with the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) method. Results: The results show that free cash flow accounting information has relevant marginal implications on the earning response coefficient and state ownership. The interaction between free cash flow and state ownership reinforces that increases in unexpected earnings are due to the presence of these two elements. Contributions: The findings contribute to the literature on emerging markets by reporting that free cash flow (accounting data) and state monitoring (governance aspect) are informative items for the earnings response coefficient. Consequently, this can improve investors’ financial analysis and company evaluation process and make managers pay attention to the effects of the decision to maintain cash surpluses. Therefore, it allows these stakeholders to understand that the existence of available resources (free cash flow) in a business indicates prospects of future earnings.

Self-Regulated learning in accounting: an analysis of Emergency Remote Teaching

ID: 76096

Authors: Lua Syrma Zaniah Santos, Caio Lucas Nadone, Carlos José dos Santos, Jacqueline Veneroso Alves da Cunha.

Source: Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade, v. 18, n. 2, p. 0-0, April-June, 2024. 1 page(s).

Keyword: Accounting , Emergency Remote Teaching , Self-regulation

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

Objective: To analyze the behavior of students attending graduate degree Accounting programs regarding self-regulated learning strategies adopted in Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). Method: This survey descriptive research with a quantitative approach addressed students regularly enrolled in graduate Accounting programs. The study sample comprised 109 valid responses obtained from 2,266 students enrolled in 2022. Descriptive statistics and a reliability analysis were performed. Next, the Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman Correlation tests were conducted to identify the behavior of graduate Accounting students regarding self-regulated learning strategies. Results: The results showed that the students adopted self-regulated learning strategies at a moderate level in the ERT environment. The Environment-Structuring dimension obtained the highest mean of the adoption of self-regulated learning strategies, indicating that students were more concerned about setting up an adequate place to study and making it comfortable. Contributions: This study contributes to the academic milieu by showing that the students had the initiative to organize themselves to perform well in a context that required varying degrees of adaptability and discipline. With a deeper understanding of the factors influencing self-regulated learning, educational institutions can adopt more effective approaches to supporting students on their academic journey, promoting a more productive and successful teaching and learning environment.

The Influence Of Corporate Governance On The Capital Structure Of Smalland Medium-Sized Companies

ID: 76095

Authors: Raquel Ramos, Joséte Florencio, Adriana Fernandes Vasconcelos.

Source: Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade, v. 18, n. 2, p. 0-0, April-June, 2024. 1 page(s).

Keyword: Governance; Capital structure; SMEs; Local productive arrangement

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

Objective: The objective of this article was to identify how governance mechanisms influence the capital structure of small and medium-sized companies that make up the Local Apparel Productive Arrangement of the Hinterlands of Pernambuco. Methodology: The research is quantitative and used primary data to perform the analysis. The statistical methods used were the U Mann-Whitne test, Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling technique to respond to the hypothesis that companies that adopted governance practices would have an easier time raising financial resources . Results: The results indicated that companies that acquired debts elaborate a larger amount of reports. The findings showed evidence that the adoption of governance can reduce informational asymmetry and facilitate the granting of credit, as greater transparency can reduce the agency's problems. Contributions: Contributes with new empirical evidence on the impact of governance on the capital structure of SMEs. In addition, the purpose is to disseminate the importance and which governance structure is most appropriate in the context of small companies, in order to improve the quality of management and facilitate access to third-party capital.

Engagement of Companies Listed on the Brazilian Stock Market with the Sustainable Development Goals

ID: 76094

Authors: Sady Mazzioni, Lauriany Kisata, Cristian Baú Dal Magro.

Source: Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade, v. 18, n. 2, p. 0-0, April-June, 2024. 1 page(s).

Keyword: Adoption of the SDGs , ESG , Ownership structure

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

Objective: To analyze the influence of ownership structure characteristics and performance in environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) practices on the engagement of publicly held companies listed in the Brazilian stock market with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Method: Quantitative study addressing 1,123 observations of companies listed in Brazil, Bolsa, Balcão [B]3 from 2016 to 2021. Data was collected on Economatica®, [B]3, CSRHub®, Global Compact, and the companies’ websites. The primary techniques used to validate the results were univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics and logistic regression. Results: The findings show a consistent impact of ESG aspects on engagement with the SDGs. Other factors such as company size, external verification of sustainability reports, participation in the Corporate Sustainability Index, and adherence to the Global Compact are preponderant for adherence to SDGs. Companies with a higher number of institutional investors are less involved with the SDGs; however, these companies have high performance in ESG when they intensify their engagement with SDGs. Contributions: ESG intensifies engagement with sustainable development, even in companies with an ownership structure that is little concerned with other stakeholders’ interests. ESG practices seem to make private companies more likely to adopt strategies aligned with global sustainable development.

The Fine Line Between Earnings Management And Corporate Fraud

ID: 76093

Authors: Monize Ramos do Nascimento, Rodrigo de Souza Gonçalves.

Source: Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade, v. 18, n. 2, p. 0-0, April-June, 2024. 1 page(s).

Keyword: Corporate fraud , Earnings management , financial statements

Document type: Article (Portuguese) Show Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether the levels of earnings management increase in periods before corporate fraud is uncovered. Method: Three different samples were analyzed: Sample 1, comprising all non-financial companies listed in Brazil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3); Sample 2, comprising companies convicted of fraud; and Sample 3, in which fraudulent and non-fraudulent companies were matched. Logit regression was performed for panel data in Sample 1; a descriptive analysis was performed by quartiles for Sample 2; and Altman’s Z score, Mann-Whitney U test, and graphical analysis were performed for Sample 3. Results: Generally, the results indicate that companies involved with fraud more frequently resourced earnings management companies not involved with fraud; however, it was impossible to identify the exact period when fraud was committed. Contributions: This study contributes to organizations and their respective gatekeepers. Its contributions include innovations upon previous studies: (i) it proposes different variable and modeling approaches; (ii) it is a pioneer study in the Brazilian context; (iii) it encourages a reflection upon the impact of competition between reliable information and quality of profits.

Ser Gilberto Martins: Humano E Pesquisador

ID: 76075

Authors: Iracema Raimunda Brito das Neves, Jacqueline Veneroso Alves da Cunha, Andson Braga de Aguiar.

Source: Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade, v. 18, n. 2, p. 0-0, April-June, 2024. 1 page(s).

Keyword: Análise de Conteúdo , Análise Histórica , Metodologia

Document type: Editorial (English)

Palavra do Editor

ID: 76074

Authors: Gerlando Augusto Sampaio Franco de Lima.

Source: Revista de Educação e Pesquisa em Contabilidade, v. 18, n. 2, p. 0-0, April-June, 2024. 1 page(s).

Document type: Other (Portuguese)